Rangefinder cameras
Rangefinder camera is a kind of camera that is equipped with rangefinder. It is a way of focusing, achieved by overlaying two images in the viewfinder (stereoscopic image).
The focus mechanism on rangefinders is to manipulate the focus ring so that two images covered in the viewfinder. The cult manufacturer and the creator of this type of cameras is Leica, whose products were successfully copied by the Soviet Union in the form of the brand Zorki.
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Half-frame cameras
Half-frame cameras are characterized by the fact that they use only half of the default frame area for a given negative type. For the most common format 135, the 24x36mm frame format uses a vertical half of 18x24mm size.
The prototype of the half-camera was the 'Pen’ model of the Japanese brand Olympus, and its period of greatest popularity is the summer of 60-70. With the progress of the miniaturization compact cameras with a standard frame size of 135, the cameras began to go into oblivion. The biggest advantage of this type of camera is the ability to perform twice as many exposures per roll of film, even over 72 photos for a 36 frame film.
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Compact cameras
Compact cameras, colloquially "Compacts” is a type of a popular camera with small size, compact structure and simplified handling. It is most often equipped with a non-removable fixed or varifocal lens.
The focus setting is done by Auto focus or often manually based on the distance table or pictogram. In the mid-90, Lomography photography trend was created, its name derives from the brand of Soviet cameras Łomo, and the most popular representative is produced in more than 20 million copies Smena 8m.
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Medium format cameras
Cameras for coiled membranes of 60 mm width without perforation. The most common frame formats used in these cameras are: 6 × 4.5 cm, 6 × 6 cm, 6 × 7 cm, 6 × 8 cm, 6 × 9 cm.
The medium format films are assembled in two basic sizes, with the symbol 120-capable of holding 12 frames of 6 × 6 cm format and having a symbol of 220-which can accommodate 24 frames of 6 × 6 cm format.
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